Goal of this work package is to provide novel instrumentation for ground based observations to the VFRS. The main problem of instrumenting a volcano during a crisis is:

• the availability of a significant number of instruments that
• can be installed at a safe distance to the volcano still providing key data which
• all need to be transmitted in real time to a central system
• in order to be evaluated in real time.

The most known and most established observational method is the observation of seismic activity. Broadband seismometers are well developed and for our VFRS test installation (see WP4) we will use three component broadband instruments from the amphibian pool (DEPAS). Aside from seismic observations we incorporate two novel ground based observational techniques:

• high resolution local deformation measurements performed by a ground based InSAR system, and
• ground based gas measurements.

The great advantage of ground based InSAR systems, which become commercially available now, is their high resolution as well as repetition measurements that are not tied to cycle times of satellites, and the immediate availability of the data. Degassing rates are also a key measurement indicating activity changes in the magmatic system. We will therefore incorporate a mini DOAS Instrument into our system for continuous measurements of gas concentrations and fluxes of various volcanic volatiles.